
# parameters <img src="man/figures/logo.png" align="right" height="139" />

[![DOI](https://joss.theoj.org/papers/10.21105/joss.02445/status.svg)](https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.02445)
[![downloads](https://cranlogs.r-pkg.org/badges/parameters)](https://cran.r-project.org/package=parameters)
[![total](https://cranlogs.r-pkg.org/badges/grand-total/parameters)](https://cranlogs.r-pkg.org/)
[![status](https://tinyverse.netlify.com/badge/parameters)](https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=parameters)

***Describe and understand your model’s parameters!***

**parameters**’ primary goal is to provide utilities for processing the
parameters of various statistical models (see
[here](https://easystats.github.io/insight/) for a list of supported
models). Beyond computing *p-values*, *CIs*, *Bayesian indices* and
other measures for a wide variety of models, this package implements
features like *bootstrapping* of parameters and models, *feature
reduction* (feature extraction and variable selection), or tools for
data reduction like functions to perform cluster, factor or principal
component analysis.

Another important goal of the **parameters** package is to facilitate
and streamline the process of reporting results of statistical models,
which includes the easy and intuitive calculation of standardized
estimates or robust standard errors and p-values. **parameters**
therefor offers a simple and unified syntax to process a large variety
of (model) objects from many different packages.

## Installation

[![CRAN](https://www.r-pkg.org/badges/version/parameters)](https://cran.r-project.org/package=parameters)
[![parameters status
badge](https://easystats.r-universe.dev/badges/parameters)](https://easystats.r-universe.dev)
[![R-CMD-check](https://github.com/easystats/parameters/workflows/R-CMD-check/badge.svg?branch=main)](https://github.com/easystats/parameters/actions)

| Type        | Source       | Command                                                                      |
|-------------|--------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Release     | CRAN         | `install.packages("parameters")`                                             |
| Development | r - universe | `install.packages("parameters", repos = "https://easystats.r-universe.dev")` |
| Development | GitHub       | `remotes::install_github("easystats/parameters")`                            |

> **Tip**
>
> Instead of `library(parameters)`, use `library(easystats)`. This will
> make all features of the easystats-ecosystem available.
>
> To stay updated, use `easystats::install_latest()`.

## Documentation

[![Documentation](https://img.shields.io/badge/documentation-parameters-orange.svg?colorB=E91E63)](https://easystats.github.io/parameters/)
[![Blog](https://img.shields.io/badge/blog-easystats-orange.svg?colorB=FF9800)](https://easystats.github.io/blog/posts/)
[![Features](https://img.shields.io/badge/features-parameters-orange.svg?colorB=2196F3)](https://easystats.github.io/parameters/reference/index.html)

Click on the buttons above to access the package
[documentation](https://easystats.github.io/parameters/) and the
[easystats blog](https://easystats.github.io/blog/posts/), and check-out
these vignettes:

- [Summary of Model
  Parameters](https://easystats.github.io/parameters/articles/model_parameters.html)
- [Parameter and Model
  Standardization](https://easystats.github.io/parameters/articles/standardize_parameters_effsize.html)
- [Robust Estimation of Standard Errors, Confidence Intervals and
  p-values](https://easystats.github.io/parameters/articles/model_parameters_robust.html)
- [Model Parameters and Missing
  Data](https://easystats.github.io/parameters/articles/model_parameters_mice.html)
- [Feature reduction (PCA, cMDS,
  ICA…)](https://easystats.github.io/parameters/articles/parameters_reduction.html)
- [Structural models (EFA, CFA,
  SEM…)](https://easystats.github.io/parameters/articles/efa_cfa.html)
- [Parameters
  selection](https://easystats.github.io/parameters/articles/parameters_selection.html)
- [A Practical Guide for Panel Data
  Analysis](https://easystats.github.io/parameters/articles/demean.html)

## Contributing and Support

In case you want to file an issue or contribute in another way to the
package, please follow [this
guide](https://github.com/easystats/parameters/blob/main/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md).
For questions about the functionality, you may either contact us via
email or also file an issue.

# Features

## Model’s parameters description

<img src="man/figures/figure1.png" width="100%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />

The
[`model_parameters()`](https://easystats.github.io/parameters/articles/model_parameters.html)
function (that can be accessed via the `parameters()` shortcut) allows
you to extract the parameters and their characteristics from various
models in a consistent way. It can be considered as a lightweight
alternative to [`broom::tidy()`](https://github.com/tidymodels/broom),
with some notable differences:

- The column names of the returned data frame are *specific* to their
  content. For instance, the column containing the statistic is named
  following the statistic name, i.e., *t*, *z*, etc., instead of a
  generic name such as *statistic* (however, you can get standardized
  (generic) column names using
  [`standardize_names()`](https://easystats.github.io/insight/reference/standardize_names.html)).
- It is able to compute or extract indices not available by default,
  such as *p-values*, *CIs*, etc.
- It includes *feature engineering* capabilities, including parameters
  [bootstrapping](https://easystats.github.io/parameters/reference/bootstrap_parameters.html).

### Classical Regression Models

``` r
model <- lm(Sepal.Width ~ Petal.Length * Species + Petal.Width, data = iris)

# regular model parameters
model_parameters(model)
#> Parameter                           | Coefficient |   SE |         95% CI | t(143) |      p
#> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#> (Intercept)                         |        2.89 | 0.36 | [ 2.18,  3.60] |   8.01 | < .001
#> Petal Length                        |        0.26 | 0.25 | [-0.22,  0.75] |   1.07 | 0.287 
#> Species [versicolor]                |       -1.66 | 0.53 | [-2.71, -0.62] |  -3.14 | 0.002 
#> Species [virginica]                 |       -1.92 | 0.59 | [-3.08, -0.76] |  -3.28 | 0.001 
#> Petal Width                         |        0.62 | 0.14 | [ 0.34,  0.89] |   4.41 | < .001
#> Petal Length × Species [versicolor] |       -0.09 | 0.26 | [-0.61,  0.42] |  -0.36 | 0.721 
#> Petal Length × Species [virginica]  |       -0.13 | 0.26 | [-0.64,  0.38] |  -0.50 | 0.618

# standardized parameters
model_parameters(model, standardize = "refit")
#> Parameter                           | Coefficient |   SE |         95% CI | t(143) |      p
#> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#> (Intercept)                         |        3.59 | 1.30 | [ 1.01,  6.17] |   2.75 | 0.007 
#> Petal Length                        |        1.07 | 1.00 | [-0.91,  3.04] |   1.07 | 0.287 
#> Species [versicolor]                |       -4.62 | 1.31 | [-7.21, -2.03] |  -3.53 | < .001
#> Species [virginica]                 |       -5.51 | 1.38 | [-8.23, -2.79] |  -4.00 | < .001
#> Petal Width                         |        1.08 | 0.24 | [ 0.59,  1.56] |   4.41 | < .001
#> Petal Length × Species [versicolor] |       -0.38 | 1.06 | [-2.48,  1.72] |  -0.36 | 0.721 
#> Petal Length × Species [virginica]  |       -0.52 | 1.04 | [-2.58,  1.54] |  -0.50 | 0.618

# heteroscedasticity-consitent SE and CI
model_parameters(model, vcov = "HC3")
#> Parameter                           | Coefficient |   SE |         95% CI | t(143) |      p
#> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#> (Intercept)                         |        2.89 | 0.43 | [ 2.03,  3.75] |   6.66 | < .001
#> Petal Length                        |        0.26 | 0.29 | [-0.30,  0.83] |   0.92 | 0.357 
#> Species [versicolor]                |       -1.66 | 0.53 | [-2.70, -0.62] |  -3.16 | 0.002 
#> Species [virginica]                 |       -1.92 | 0.77 | [-3.43, -0.41] |  -2.51 | 0.013 
#> Petal Width                         |        0.62 | 0.12 | [ 0.38,  0.85] |   5.23 | < .001
#> Petal Length × Species [versicolor] |       -0.09 | 0.29 | [-0.67,  0.48] |  -0.32 | 0.748 
#> Petal Length × Species [virginica]  |       -0.13 | 0.31 | [-0.73,  0.48] |  -0.42 | 0.675
```

### Mixed Models

``` r
library(lme4)
model <- lmer(Sepal.Width ~ Petal.Length + (1 | Species), data = iris)

# model parameters with CI, df and p-values based on Wald approximation
model_parameters(model)
#> # Fixed Effects
#> 
#> Parameter    | Coefficient |   SE |       95% CI | t(146) |      p
#> ------------------------------------------------------------------
#> (Intercept)  |        2.00 | 0.56 | [0.89, 3.11] |   3.56 | < .001
#> Petal Length |        0.28 | 0.06 | [0.16, 0.40] |   4.75 | < .001
#> 
#> # Random Effects
#> 
#> Parameter               | Coefficient |   SE |       95% CI
#> -----------------------------------------------------------
#> SD (Intercept: Species) |        0.89 | 0.46 | [0.33, 2.43]
#> SD (Residual)           |        0.32 | 0.02 | [0.28, 0.35]

# model parameters with CI, df and p-values based on Kenward-Roger approximation
model_parameters(model, ci_method = "kenward", effects = "fixed")
#> # Fixed Effects
#> 
#> Parameter    | Coefficient |   SE |       95% CI |    t |     df |      p
#> -------------------------------------------------------------------------
#> (Intercept)  |        2.00 | 0.57 | [0.07, 3.93] | 3.53 |   2.67 | 0.046 
#> Petal Length |        0.28 | 0.06 | [0.16, 0.40] | 4.58 | 140.98 | < .001
```

### Structural Models

Besides many types of regression models and packages, it also works for
other types of models, such as [**structural
models**](https://easystats.github.io/parameters/articles/efa_cfa.html)
(EFA, CFA, SEM…).

``` r
library(psych)

model <- psych::fa(attitude, nfactors = 3)
model_parameters(model)
#> # Rotated loadings from Factor Analysis (oblimin-rotation)
#> 
#> Variable   |  MR1  |  MR2  |  MR3  | Complexity | Uniqueness
#> ------------------------------------------------------------
#> rating     | 0.90  | -0.07 | -0.05 |    1.02    |    0.23   
#> complaints | 0.97  | -0.06 | 0.04  |    1.01    |    0.10   
#> privileges | 0.44  | 0.25  | -0.05 |    1.64    |    0.65   
#> learning   | 0.47  | 0.54  | -0.28 |    2.51    |    0.24   
#> raises     | 0.55  | 0.43  | 0.25  |    2.35    |    0.23   
#> critical   | 0.16  | 0.17  | 0.48  |    1.46    |    0.67   
#> advance    | -0.11 | 0.91  | 0.07  |    1.04    |    0.22   
#> 
#> The 3 latent factors (oblimin rotation) accounted for 66.60% of the total variance of the original data (MR1 = 38.19%, MR2 = 22.69%, MR3 = 5.72%).
```

## Variable and parameters selection

<img src="man/figures/figure2.png" width="100%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />

[`select_parameters()`](https://easystats.github.io/parameters/articles/parameters_selection.html)
can help you quickly select and retain the most relevant predictors
using methods tailored for the model type.

``` r
lm(disp ~ ., data = mtcars) |>
  select_parameters() |>
  model_parameters()
#> Parameter   | Coefficient |     SE |            95% CI | t(26) |      p
#> -----------------------------------------------------------------------
#> (Intercept) |      141.70 | 125.67 | [-116.62, 400.02] |  1.13 | 0.270 
#> cyl         |       13.14 |   7.90 | [  -3.10,  29.38] |  1.66 | 0.108 
#> hp          |        0.63 |   0.20 | [   0.22,   1.03] |  3.18 | 0.004 
#> wt          |       80.45 |  12.22 | [  55.33, 105.57] |  6.58 | < .001
#> qsec        |      -14.68 |   6.14 | [ -27.31,  -2.05] | -2.39 | 0.024 
#> carb        |      -28.75 |   5.60 | [ -40.28, -17.23] | -5.13 | < .001
```

## Citation

In order to cite this package, please use the following command:

``` r
citation("parameters")

To cite package 'parameters' in publications use:

  Lüdecke D, Ben-Shachar M, Patil I, Makowski D (2020). "Extracting,
  Computing and Exploring the Parameters of Statistical Models using
  R." _Journal of Open Source Software_, *5*(53), 2445.
  doi:10.21105/joss.02445 <https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.02445>.

A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is

  @Article{,
    title = {Extracting, Computing and Exploring the Parameters of Statistical Models using {R}.},
    volume = {5},
    doi = {10.21105/joss.02445},
    number = {53},
    journal = {Journal of Open Source Software},
    author = {Daniel Lüdecke and Mattan S. Ben-Shachar and Indrajeet Patil and Dominique Makowski},
    year = {2020},
    pages = {2445},
  }
```

## Code of Conduct

Please note that the parameters project is released with a [Contributor
Code of
Conduct](https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/2/1/code_of_conduct/).
By contributing to this project, you agree to abide by its terms.
